Sexual and Reproductive Health for All: twenty Years of The Global Strategy > 자유게시판

Thirty years ago, the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), kept in Cairo, Egypt, highlighted the right of all people to accomplish the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). In 2004, WHO released a reproductive health technique - validated by 191 Member States at the Fifty-seventh World Health Assembly - that enhanced the centrality of SRHR to societies and economies (Resolution WHA57.12). These frameworks are grounded in gender equality and recognize the constant importance of sexual health in accomplishing health for all.

WHO researchers worked with Member States, and communities across all areas to operationalize a Global Strategy to cover the 5 crucial pillars for enhancing SRHR:

- enhancing antenatal, perinatal, postpartum and newborn care

- providing household planning services

- eliminating hazardous abortion

- combatting sexually transferred infections (STIs).

- promoting sexual health.

Resolution WHA57.12 more notified SRHR policies and guiding documents in a number of areas and Member States. For instance, Latin America's 2013 Montevideo Consensus and Africa's Maputo Strategy from 2016 (building upon the original 2006 plan) both include language and ideas reinforcing and maintaining SRHR.

" The international technique is the foundational policy document that centres WHO's required for sexual and reproductive health to date," stated Dr Pascale Allotey, Director of the UN Special Programme on Human Reproduction (HRP) and WHO's Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health. "The text stays crucial in contributing to assisting research study top priorities and working with nations to develop beneficial resources to ensure extensive SRHR across the life course."

Significant development has been made over the last 20 years within each of the five pillars, including these examples.

- The Global method came about as the world was reeling from the HIV and AIDS epidemic. Today, the number of people acquiring HIV has fallen by 38% because 2010 alone, due in part to the Strategy's emphasis on getting rid of STIs including HIV.

- As of March 2022, 60% of WHO Member States have consisted of the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) in their routine immunization schedules, greatly advancing efforts to get rid of cervical cancer as a public health hazard.

- Prioritizing household preparation services and birth control gain access to resulted in WHO's Family planning: an international handbook for providers recommendation guide, which has actually been shared over a million times. Accordingly, the proportion of ladies using contemporary contraceptive methods increased from 467 million in 1990 to 874 million in 2022, while a wider variety of contraceptive alternatives is now readily available.


A 2020 study discovered that there has actually been a worldwide reduction in unintentional pregnancy. Furthermore, evidence-based medical abortion regimens have enhanced worldwide access to abortion, and over 60 countries have liberalized abortion laws in the previous 30 years in line with proof on the importance of such efforts to guarantee the health of ladies and teen girls.

Professor Kate Gilmore, co-chair of the Gender and Human Rights Advisory Panel of HRP, credited the Strategy and WHO for helping generate essential scientific proof on SRHR that has actually contributed to some of these shifts. "A few of the terrific advances that we have actually seen - consisting of the method civil society has taken up the cause to argue for access to safe and legal abortion - are due to the Strategy and the systematic generation of evidence over these previous twenty years," she said.

Despite early gains, however, recent years have actually seen signs of stagnation. From 2000 to 2020, the maternal death rate come by 34% worldwide - but a 2023 report found that development has mainly stalled since. The worrisome trend was shown throughout a recent occasion showcasing international datasets on the evolution of SRHR since ICPD. High maternal mortality rates continue a few countries and sexual health issues, such as endometriosis, infertility and sexual erectile dysfunction, are typically ignored or normalized.

Dr Allotey and Dr Manjulaa Narasimhan, scientist at WHO and HRP, noted in a recent commentary in the WHO Bulletin that the SRHR agenda remains unfinished and in some circumstances has fallen back due to geopolitical tensions, financial downturns, the global food crisis, environment modification, humanitarian crises and COVID-19.

There are emerging opportunities to catalyse progress - for example, by enhancing human rights-based approaches in SRHR and embedding principles like non-discrimination, consisting of in crisis situations. Improving health systems with a main health-care approach can improve equity and broaden access to thorough SRHR services. New technologies and alternative service delivery methods can improve SRHR by expanding access, choice and autonomy.

Other future-looking focus locations within SRHR include research on the transformative role of artificial intelligence and ingenious contraception methods, additional work on reinforcing health systems, and the sustaining prioritization of positive pregnancy and giving birth experiences.

At a wider level, Dr Allotey called for a continued emphasis on the fundamental importance of SRHR. "Sexual and reproductive health need to never be relegated to the margins of health care, but acknowledged as crucial for the general well-being of people and the communities in which they live," she said.